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Student migration is the movement of students who study outside their country of birth or citizenship for a period of 12 months or more.〔Spring, J. 2009, Globalization of Education: An Introduction, QueensCollege & Graduate Centre, City University of New York〕 During the period of globalization, the internationalisation of higher education increased dramatically and it has become a market driven activity. With the rapid rise of international education more and more students are seeking higher education in foreign countries and many international students now consider overseas study a stepping-stone to permanent residency within a country.〔Gribble, C. 2008, Policy options for managing international student migration: the sending country’s perspective, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 25-39〕 The contributions that foreign students make to host nation economies, both culturally and financially has encouraged major players to implement further initiatives to facilitate the arrival and integration of overseas students, including substantial amendments to immigration and visa policies and procedures.〔 == History == During the colonial period, the majority of student flow came from colonies to the world capitals. Imperial governments provided pathways for selected nationals to pursue higher education. The concept of studying abroad was based on the assumption that graduates would return to their homeland to serve colonial administration once they had developed skills and absorbed the values of the colonial rulers.〔Varghese,N.V. 2008, 'Globalization of higher education and cross-border student mobility', International Institute for Educational Planning, UNESCO〕 The Cold War era had a significant impact on foreign aid and the funding of overseas students. The policy of distributing scientific knowledge and sharing industrial progress with the developing world required the help of higher education institutions. Support for USAID linked the foreign policy mission with support to higher education. Cold war rivals funded study abroad programmes and were in competition to attract students from the developing world.〔 One of the most famous international exchange programmes which facilitates and encourages international student migration is the Fulbright Program. Established in 1946, The Fulbright Program provides grants for students, scholars, teachers and professionals to undertake various studies and research. The Fulbright Program was initially funded by using proceeds from the sales of surplus war property and was founded on the principal of promoting "international good will through the exchange of students in the fields of education, culture and science".〔‘U.S. Department of State: Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs’, Fulbright International Educational Exchange Program, http://fulbright.state.gov/programs.html viewed on 14 October 2010〕 The Colombo Plan was another program that encouraged the movement of students between countries. The Colombo Plan was established in 1951 with the intention of strengthening economic and social development of the Asia Pacific region. The Colombo Plan has been responsible for sponsoring over 40 thousand Asian students to study or train in Australian higher education institutions. Funding for students is provided by member countries, which includes a mixture of 26 Commonwealth and non Commonwealth countries.〔Colombo Plan Organisation, http://www.colombo-plan.org/history.php, viewed on 13 October 2010〕 Since the colonial and Cold War eras, the profile of international students has made a significant shift. The way in which students travel has changed over time and the majority of students seeking education abroad are now self-funded. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Student migration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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